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National Institute of Communicable Diseases |
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ANNUAL REPORT 1997 |
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Microbiology Division Microbiology
Division of the Institute is a composite unit consisting of well organised
sections of virology, bacteriology and mycology; each having specialised
objectives mentioned below: §
Referral diagnostic services for various infectious viz.,
viral hepatitis, polio, measles, coxsackie viruses, Rubella, Cytomegalo and
herpes viruses (RCH of TORCH gastroenteritis, tuberculosis and fungal
infections. §
Laboratory based dianostic
services and surveillance of the aforementioned
diseases. §
Laboratory
support to National Health Programmes. §
Imparting
training, organising workshops for
peripheral labhoratories for manpower development. §
Supply of diagnostic kits and
reagents. §
Storage and supply of vaccines. §
Supply of cell lines,
viral/bacterial/fungal cultures to medical colleges, teaching and research institutions. §
Compilation
and dissemination of laboratory manuals/teaching materials. §
Specialised
research and development activities. §
Help
in establishment of a full-fledged Biotechnology unit at NICD, primarily for
gene sequencing of wild and vaccine strains of polioviruses. §
Technical
support to National/International Health Agencies. Routine Services / Activities (Maintenance of stock cultures of
various animals, pathogens and parasites)
i.
Cholera/Enterobacteriaceae Laboratory
§
Laboratory
based surveillance of diarrhoeal diseases. §
Laboratory
support to outbreak investigation of diarrhoea. §
Referral
services for identification and serotyping of Vibrio cholerae and other enteric pathogens. §
Characterization
of various types of E.coli
ii.
ARI/Meningitis Laboratory §
Isolation
and characterisation of the bacterial etiological agents of acute Respiratory
infection. §
Serological
studies of Dipohtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus and Meningitis. §
Development
and characterisation of indigenous rapid diagnostic tests. §
Storage
and supply of meningococcal kits/ vaccines etc. §
Monitoring
of the proved cases of faecal diphtheria in collaboration with I.D.Hospital. §
Laboratory
support to outbreak investigations. §
Referral
Diagnostic services for characterisation of pathogens causing meningitis. iii. Polio/Enterovirus Laboratory §
Regional
reference Centre (WHO) for Polio diagnosis in South East Asia. §
Potency
testing of Oral Polio vaccine for cold chain monitoring. §
RNA
probe hybridisation and ELISA for intratypic differentiation of wild polio
viruses. §
Referral
services for Coxsackie B virus associated cardiomyopathies, SSPE. §
Diagnosis
and serological studies of Measles. §
Maintenance
of different cell lines for virus studies. §
Diagnostic
services for enteroviruses. iv. Hepatitis Laboratory §
Services,
research and training activities pertaining to viral hepatitis. §
Co-ordination
of National Viral Hepatitis Surveillance Programme. §
Regional
Centre for Viral Hepatitis Surveillance. §
Multicentric
study to ascertain aetiology of jaundice in community.
v.
Teratogenic Virus Laboratory §
Acts
as Centre for diagnostic support for rubella, CMV and Herpes simplex virus
infections in cases of pregnant women in and around Delhi. §
Diagnosis
of viral aetiology of congenial malformations in newborn babies. vi. Tuberculosis Laboratory §
Maintaining
the cultures of mycobacteria isolated from various clinical samples from
suspected cases of tuberculosis. §
Serodiagnosis
of tuberculosis. §
Antimycobacterial
drug sensitivity testing. vii. Medical Mycology Laboratory §
Processing
of clinical samples by direct microscopy, culture, serology, identification of
fungal pathogens, preservation of cultures, providing diagnostic services on
mycosis on request from Hospital/Institutions. viii.
Environmental Microbiology
Laboratory §
Bacteriological
analysis of water samples. §
Evaluation
of field kits for water testing. §
RNA
probe hybridisation and ELISA for intratypic differentiation of wild polio
viruses. §
Referral
services for Coxsackie B virus associated cardiomyopathies, SSPE. §
Diagnosis
and serological studies of Measles. §
Maintenance
of different cell lines for virus studies. Maintenance of live material/cell cultures Cell Lines:
i.
Hep2
Cincinnati cell line
ii.
HELA
iii.
Vero
iv.
RD
(Rhabdomyosarcoma)
v.
L20B Live Materials:
i.
More
than 100 isolates of various fungal cultures of medical importance
ii.
Virus
maintained are:
iii.
Polio
type 1, 2, 3 (Sabin and Wild)
iv.
Coxsackie
B1-B6
v.
Some
non-polio Enteroviruses Bacterial cultures:
i.
Some
non-polio Enteroviruses
ii.
Vibrio
cholerae
iii.
C.diphtheriae
iv.
Mycobacterial
cultures
v.
Other
enteropathogens Supply of live material §
On
request 5 different fungal cultures viz. Aspergillus
flavus, Sporothrix schenckii, §
Madurella grisea, Trichophyton
mentagrophytes and Cladrosposirum spp. were supplied to Shimla Medical College. Similarly 4
different fungal cultures viz. §
Cryptococcus neoformans,
Sporothrix schenckii, Dermatophyte and Aspergillus flavus were supplied to Deptt. of
Microbiology, B.J. medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad (Gujarat). §
Cell
cultures HEP2, RD cell line vero cell line are frequently supplied to all polio
national laboratories and OPV testing laboratories from time to time. §
Supply
of Vibrio cholerae and other enteric
pathogens isolates for workshops, training and teaching purpose to the
different part of country as demanded. §
V.cholera. 01,V.cholerae
0139,Salmonella sp. Shigella sp. and NCTC E.coli. §
Clinical
specimens for quality control purpose. §
Loefflers
serum slopes to I.D. Hospital, Delhi. §
Cary
Blair Transport Medium to I.D. Hospital, Delhi and other Institutes. §
Teaching
slides for viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens. §
Virological §
MEM,
Hanks BSS, Enteroviruses typing antisera. §
Fungal §
Serological
reagents produced by the section for diagnosis of Aspergillosis. Storage of reagents/materials §
Meningitis
vaccine: 71050 doses supplied to 25 states and Uts for HAJ pilgrims. §
FCS
and Microtitre plates to Polio Vaccine Testing Labs in the country. §
Hepatitis
kits to different surveillance centres in the country. §
Bacterial,
viral and fungal typing antisera for typing and identification purposes. Diagnostic support services The
division provides diagnostic support services in various diseases: Viral Hepatitis
Virus isolation from AFP Cases Polio
1 124
Wild (cases 520) Polio
2 6
(3 Sabin) Polio
3 21
(5 Wild, 1 Sabin) Non-Polio
enterovirus 6 (3 Sabin) Mixture
of Polio 28 Tuberculosis
Enteropathogens
Medical mycology
Public health and other biological services Bacteriological
analysis of drinking water provided to the following beneficiaries:
i.
Airport
Health Authority in connection with VVIP flights going abroad; on request
ii.
Govt.
hospitals and other institutions; on request
iii.
General
public: by reference. Identification services §
Identification
of V.cholerae and other
enteropathogens (Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia) §
Identification
of different mycobacterial isolates sent from other laboratories by carrying
out different biochemical tests. §
Identification
of Polio isolates obtained from different polio laboratories in the country. §
Identification
of fungal isolates obtained from different hospitals in Delhi. Serological tests §
ELISA
test for Tuberculosis. §
Immunodiffusion
and Latex agglutination test for fungal infections. §
Neutralization
test for Coxsackie B virus, Measles and Polio virus antibodies. §
Haemagglutination
Inhibition test for Measles. §
ELISA
test for various markers of Viral hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. §
ELISA
test for antibodies against different teratogenic viruses. §
Latex
agglutination test for meningitis (Antigen detection in CSF). Research Projects 1. Laboratory diagnosis and
surveillance of Cholera in Delhi In the
year 1997, 2532 rectal swabs were tested from the cases of gastroenteritis from
I.D. Hospital, Delhi and 72 from area in and around Delhi for the isolation of V.cholerae. Of these specimens, 937
(37%) were positive for V.cholerae 01
Ogawa serotype, 22 were V.cholerae 0139 (0.87%) and 54 were NGA vibrios (2.13%)
from I.D. Hospital, Delhi. Of the 72 cases from in and aground Delhi, 2 cases
were positive for V.cholerae 01 and
one was NAG vibrios. The incidence of V.cholerae
0139 was higher as 22 cases were identified in compare with previous year. On
serotyping, all the V.cholerae 01
isolates were found to be Ogawa serotype as previous years. Strains of V.cholerae were received from different
places for identification, serotyping and biotyping are given below:
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