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National Institute of Communicable Diseases |
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GHAZIABAD DISTRICT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The district of Ghaziabad lies in the doab of famous
rivers of northern India, the Ganga and the Yamuna. It Is bounded on the east
by district Moradabad and on the west by the Union Territory of Delhi and are
separated by the rivers Ganga and Yamuna in the east and west respectively. In
the north and south, the district boundary extends to the boundaries of Meerut
and Bulandshahr districts respectively. Total area of the district Is 2594 sq.
kms. The district headquarters Is located at Ghaziabad.
Total population of the
district according to 1991 Census is 2.7 million. There are 836 females per
1000 males. Rural population of the district is about 53.8% and urban
population is about 46.2%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population
of the district is 17.9% and 0.006% respectively. The density of population is 1062 per sq. km. Decennial growth
rate between 1981 and 1991 was 103.3%. Main languages spoken in the district
are Hindi and Urdu.
The district is a level plain having four natural
divisions (1) low lands (khadar) in the east and west of the, rivers Ganga and
Yamuna. (2) area lying in between rivers Ganga and Kali Nadi (3) Doaba area of
Kali Nadi and Hindon river and (4) area lying in between Hindon and Yamuna
rivers. Rivers Ganga. Yamuna and Hindon are perennial rivers of the district
and Kail Nadi is a seasonal rivulet. The district lies in the sub-tropical division of
deciduous type of vegetation and does not have expanses of natural forests.
Whatever forests occur are in patches in the low-land (khadar) around the Ganga
and lower and upper Ganga canals and are the result of cultivations by the
Forest Department.
The important trees found in the area are those of shisham, mango, jamun, imli
and babul. The district is rich in groves. Ornamental trees found in garden and
groves are usually those of kachnar, gulmohar, ashok, amaltas, eucalyptus and
chameli. The district, at present comprises 5 tehsils and 10 Community
Development Blocks. It has 24 towns and 744 villages (Table-1). Table
1. Administrative units in district
The
district is served by rails as well as by roads. The railway track in the
district runs to a total length of 172 kms. National Highways account for 84
kms. State Highways 93,64 kms., main district roads 266 kms. and other district
roads 298 kms. On an average every thousand sq. km. of area of the district is
served by 288 kms. of road length Amenities available in the villages are shown in
table – 2. Table 2. Villages having one or
more amenities in the district (1991 census)
The
economy of the district continues to be predominantly agricultural in spite of
fast developing Industrial sector and rising of the district on the industrial
map of the country. The district is also agriculturally well developed with
extensive cultivation and availability of extensive irrigation facilities. Three
harvest namely—rabi, kharif and zaid are done. The main crop seasons are,
however, rabi and kharif. The district being well irrigated covering most of
the area cultivated. Sixty two percent of the net area cultivated is sown more
than once in an agricultural year making the cropping intensity in the district
quite high. The main crops of the district are wheat, paddy, maize, gram, peas
and sugarcane. Among the cash crops, the major crops are sugarcane, and
potatoes. Animal husbandry plays an important role in the rural
economy of the district. It provides draught power for cultivation as well as
supplements the income of the farmers by animal husbandry products. Its vicinity
with Delhi, which is good market for milk, has given a boost to dairying. The
district is a bulk supplier of milk to both Delhi Milk Scheme and Mother Dairy.
For improving the stock and providing care for the live-stock, 16 veterinary
dispensaries and 63 stockman centres are functioning in the district. Six
veterinary dispensaries and all the 63 stockman centres have artificial
Insemination facilities. A special animal husbandry programme is under
operation through SFDA. The district is also covered by the Intensive Cattle
Development Programme. The poultry farming is also catching on in the district.
As many as 488 poultry farms are functioning. No minerals of importance are found in the district. The
only minerals found are kankar and sand used locally in construction work. The district has made a tremendous headway in
industrial development during the last two decades. It has not only become one
of the most important industrial districts of the state but also has come up on
the industrial map of the country. One of the important factors that have given
rise to its covetous position in Industry is proximity to Delhi which building
with expansion has spilled over in the surrounding areas. The other
contributing factors are well-knit road links and other infra-structural
facilities. After the formation of district Ghaziabad, Noida is rapidly coming
up with a big industrial complex. Its closeness to Delhi has led to the Influx
of industrialists for establishment of small units. There are 2378 small-scale units, 140 large and
medium scale units in private sector and three large-scale units in public
sector. Under Khadi and Gramodyog, there are 16 establishments including one
co-operative society engaged in manufacturing of agricultural implements, wooden
furniture, soap, shoes, ghani, (oil mill machinery) leather goods, hand paper
etc. Handloom is an important village industry and woolen carpets are woven. The most important commodities manufactured in towns of
the district are cement pipes, mustard oil. glasswares, handloom cloth, railway
signals, sewing machines, tyre tubes, soap, gur. The most Important commodities
exported arc cement, pipes, foodgrains, handloom cloth, nylon yarn, readymade
garments, railway signals, gur and fruits. The most Important commodities
imported are cement, cloth, iron, and foodgrains. iron machinery, sugar,
kerosene oil and cotton yarn. A ratio
of 0.39 beds is obtained in medical institutions per thousand of urban
population of the district. The highest ratio of 1.28 beds per thousand of
urban population is observed in Modinagar against the minimum of 0.05 bed in
Hapur. There are no medical institutions with bed facilities in Babugarh,
Begumabad Budhana, Niwadi and Patala. Major government medical institutions and
health personnel working in these institutions are given in Table 3 & 4. Table 3. Medical institutions in Ghaziabad district
Table
4. Health personnel working in Govt. sector in Ghaziabad district
National Surveillance Programme
for Communicable Diseases was launched in the district in the year 1998 – 1999.
District Nodal Officer has been identified at the district. District RRT has
been constituted and trained. The training of Medical Officers, Health
Supervisors, Health Workers and Laboratory Technicians has been under taken
partially. District laboratory has been identified and upgraded. Telephone, and
fax facilities are available but e-mail facility is not available. Computer has
been installed. Monthly reports are being sent irregularly but weekly reports
are sent regularly. Table 5, shows the list of the members of RRt in Ghaziabad
district. Table 5. Ghaziabad District RRT as on 14th
June, 2001
District hospital laboratory has
been identified to support the programme. A qualified Microbiologist supervises
the work of the laboratory. The utilization of the laboratory for NSPCD purpose
need further strengthening. Tests done at the laboratory under NSPCD during
1999, 2000, and 2001 till date are given in Table 6. Table 6. Laboratory
data from District Hospital Laboratory, Ghaziabad District, 1999, 2000, and
till date 2001
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See Cases/Deaths Reported For Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh)