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National Institute of Communicable Diseases |
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ANNUAL REPORT 1997 |
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Division of Medical
Entomology & Vector Control Medical
Entomology and Vector Control is one of the oldest discipline of erstwhile
Malaria Institute of India (M.I.I.) and had done commendable work on the
prevalence, distribution, taxonomy, biology, ecology, vector incrimination and
dynamics of malaria transmission with a view to evolve appropriate National
Vector Control Strategies in respect of vectors of malaria in different parts
of the country under NMCP/NMEP. M.I.I. was renamed as NICD in 1963 and
activities of the Division of Medical Entomology and Vector Control were also
reorganised to provide technical expertise in the field of vector – borne
diseases excellence for developing trained manpower, providing technical
guidance/support and advice to various agencies for the entomological
surveillance of vector-borne diseases centre (CDC), Atlanta (USA). Major areas
of activities of the Division are as under: - §
Undertakes
laboratory and field studies on systematics, biology and ecology of vector
arthropods and their associated vertebrate hosts as well as on terrain ecology. §
Studies
on distribution, disease relationship of vectors and other haematophagous
arthropods. §
Undertakes
entomological investigations of outbreaks of vector-borne diseases in the
country. §
Undertakes
laboratory and field evaluation of various formulations of pesticides against
vectors and pests of medical importance. §
Undertakes
laboratory and field investigations on biological control agents currently in
use or intended for use against arthropods of medical importance. §
Undertakes
insecticide susceptibility tests of natural populations of vectors in the
country and to study cross resistance, if any. §
Maintains
fish hatcheries of larvivorous fishes viz. Gambusia
affinis and Poecilia reticulata for supply to various
agencies in the country for the control of larval breeding and to initiate fish
culture. §
Maintains
a reference collection museum of preserved specimens of arthropods of medical
importance to facilitate their identification and to use them for teaching and
research work. §
Maintains
live cultures of arthropods of medical importance for experimental purposes for
scientific workers within and outside the Institute. §
Conducts
various regular and ad-hoc training courses on vector-borne diseases and their
control. Salient features of the activities carried out by the Division are
summarised below
Routine activities Maintenance
of National Museum for arthropods of medical importance, insectories and fish
hatcheries. Training courses Division
conducts regular training courses in vector Biology and control, Malaria
entomology, Advanced Medical Entomology. Besides, ad-hoc training courses in
Medical Entomology and Vector Control for P.G. students of PSM Department of
Medical Colleges and other group educational activities such as
Workshops/Seminars etc. are also being organised for the development of trained
manpower for the surveillance and control of vector-borne diseases in the
country. Maintenance of stock cultures of various arthropods of medical
importance and mosquito larvivorous fishes Arthropods: Various
arthropods of medical importance are being maintained at Headquarters, NICD
South India Branch, Coonoor & Mettupalaiyam (T.N.), NICD Malaria Research
Field Station, Jagdalpur (M.P.) and NICD Kala-azar Unit, Patna (Bihar). A brief
description is given below:
National arthropods collection, diagnosis, identification and supply
services About
4000 specimens of arthropods of medical importance viz. mosquitoes, sandflies,
ticks, mites, biting flies, cyclops etc. collected from various parts of the
country viz. Delhi, Faridabad, Sonipat, Ludhiana, Haldwani, Rudrapur, Nainital,
Bombay, Calcutta etc. were processed and kept as reference material in the
National arthropod collection museum at NICD headquarters. Besides
specimens of arthropods of medical importance received from different
institutions/organisations in the country were also processed and identified
upto species level. Supply of larvivorous fishes to various agencies
Supply of Preserved arthropods biological material
Diagnostic services Blood
meal samples of mosquuitoes and sand flies received from various agencies were
processed to identify the source of blood meal ingested by them by Gel
diffusion technique. Name of agencies sending blood samples, study areas, total
number of samples tested and results obtained are given in the table. Bioassay
of insecticides
Research Projects 1. Bio-systematic studies on Culicidae
(Diptera : Nematocera) of India Mosquito
surveys were carried out during April, 1997 in the four districts viz. Tawang,
West Kameng, Papumpore and lower Subansiri of Western Arunachal Pradesh for
Biosystematic Studies. Following species of arhropods of medical importance and
platyhelminthes were collected from altitudes ranging between 1000-8000 above
MSL.
2. Studies on the morphological and
cytotaxonomical parameters in the identification of sibling species of Anopheles
culicifacies in and around Delhi Studies
on the morphological and cytotaxonomical parameters used for the identification
of sibling specieis of An. culicifacies
were continued in three riverline villages around Delhi, Nara and Nari villages
in Sonipat district (Haryana) during 1997. Result of the study in Badarpur
village revealed that an overall anopheline density was 28.6 and that of An. culicifacies as 7.3 per man hour.
The relative preponderance of species A and B were found to be 40% and 60%
respectively. I other three villages no An.
culicifacies could be found. 3. Studies on the bioecology of J.E.
Vectors, Culex (Culex) Vishnui Group immature stages of mosquitoes in Delhi
region Studies
were undertaken to understand the bioecology of immature stages of Culex (Culex) vishnui group of mosquitoes in village – Wazirabad, Delhi.
Collections of immature stages of mosquitoes were made at fortnightly interval
from all the breeding places using standard entomological techniques. Analysis
of data revealed the presence of Culex
tritaeniorhynchus and Cx.
Pseudovishnui from the area. Cx.
Tritaeniorhynchus was found to be the predominant species through out the
year, except during winter months i.e. Jan. and Feb. and the peak larval
density of 37.7 per dip was recorded during April’97. Cx. Pseudovishnui was recorded only during March & April and
Sept. & Oct. only. 4. Studies on the econology and
seasonal prevalence of larval stages of Aedes aegypti vector of Dengue/DHF in
and around Delhi Aedes survey was caried ou in different
localities of Delhi viz. Munirka village, Sadique Nagar, Kishanganj Rly.
Colony, Shahdara and Kamla Nehru ridge area in Delhi. Analysis of data revealed
that the larval House index varied from 0.96% to 32.4%. The
House index started increasing from April’97 onwards (15.3%) and reached to the
maximum in the month of August’97 (32.4%), House index recorded during the
summer month of June’97 was 9.0%. At the
approach of winter season, Ae aegypti
larvel House, Container and Breteau indices started declining touching its
lowest ebb during January’97 (0.96). Monthwise data on Aedes aegypti, larvel House Index, Container Index and Breteau
Index observed in Delhi during 1`997 is tabulated below:
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