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National Institute of Communicable Diseases |
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ANNUAL REPORT 1997 |
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4. Scientific &
Research Activities Division
of AIDS §
The
division of AIDS has the following units. §
HIV
serology and quality control (incorporating the National reference centre for
HIV/AIDS). §
Epidemiology,
training and counselling. §
Immunology
of HIV infection and AIDS. §
AIDS
associated diseases and STDs. HIV SEROLOGY AND QUALITY CONTROL Diagnostic Services During
1997, blood samples from individuals of different high risk behaviours were
tested for HIV infection by different screening tests viz. EIA, Dot Immunoassay
& agglutination test, followed by confirmatory WB test.
HIV screening activities on foreign students. Foreign
students coming to Delhi and adjacent states viz. UP, Rajasthan, Punjab etc.
for study in different universities of north India were screened for HIV
infection. A total of 642 foreign students have been screened during 1997, with
only 1 case found to be positive for HIV by WB test. The details of such HIV
positive cases for the last nine years is shown in the graph below: Distribution of HIV positivity among foreign students (Years 1989 to
1997) African
countries comprising of Ethiopia, Uganda, Somalia, Kenya, Namibia, Tenzania and
Zambia-constituted 89% of HIV positivity and Asian countries constituted 11%. Male female ratio = 82:18 Age group wise (15-22) yrs 13
(33%) (31-40) Yrs 2
(5%) Break up (23-30) yrs 22 (56%) 40 yrs > 2 (5%) Evaluation of diagnostic test kits for HIV The
various diagnostic kits (indigenous as well as imported) were evaluated with
the help of standard panel of sera maintained in the laboratory. A total
of 6 (six) different kits have been evaluated in 1997 for their performance
characteristics, viz. sensitivity specificity, predictive value and delta value.
The results were intimated to the Drug Controller of India Details
of evaluation of HIV test kits (1997)
PPV =
Positive Predictive Value NPV =
Negative Predictive Value Evaluation of HIV screening test kits for HIV antibodies in saliva Evaluation
of HIV screening test kits for saliva samples, in comparison to conventional
serology have been undertaken & still being continued. So far 21 saliva
samples have been tested which showed about 95% correlation with conventional
HIV serology. Participation in quality control programme National Serum
samples have been received from various centres (Zonal Blood Testing Centres
& Sero-surveillance centres located in Delhi) for cross checking of results
for HCV & HBsAg, as a part of quality control services.
*
Discordant results on account of use of different types of test and test kits.
Gold Standard for HBsAg and HCV has not been used. The procedure is being
standardized for HCV presently. International AIDS
reference centre of NICD has been participating in WHO proficiency program
since 1990 and still continuing to participate in the same program. In 1997,
three proficiency panels of sera were received & tested. The details are
shown in the table.
DDS –
Dried Disc Serum (Filter Paper disc) SR – Sample Reactive 100%
Correlation by Confirmatory W. Blot performed at NICF & Australia. There
was only one discrepant result out of 34 samples as was mentioned in the report
received from the organising centre in Australia. Epidemiology, Training & counselling services This
division receives the HIV screening reports from various ZBTCs &
surveillance centres. The bar
diagram projected below shows various sero-reactivity rates by EIA per thousand
samples of donated blood screened in six reporting states. A
comparison study of Knowledge, Attitude & Practice on HIV/AIDS has been
conducted between two groups of students, one Indian and the other of foreign
countries (300 students from each group) during 1997. Data so obtained is in
the process of compilation and analysis. Counselling services The
various categories of persons, having different kinds of risk behaviours, who
voluntarily reported to NICD for HIV infection testing, have been given
pre-test & post-test counselling; preventive counselling was given to
people in close contact with HIV infected persons. A total of 131 such persons
were given counselling during 1997. Complied
data of the persons given counselling
SP =
Sexual Promiscuity IVDU = Intra Venous drug users BTR = Blood Transfusion recipient CL =
Clinical cases P-HIV
(+ve) = Sexual Partner of HIV positive person SHAI = Suspected Hospital acquired
infection NDRG = No Definite Risk Group AIDS related diseases and STD infections The
AIDS associated diseases and STD laboratory was set up in the last quarter of
1996 and comprises of two units. Unit – I (STD Laboratory) §
The
STD laboratory is engaged in the study on prevalence of STDs in population
attending hospital and STD clinics. §
The
STD laboratory had been carrying out Gonococcal Antibiotic Susceptibility
testing as a participating laboratory of Gonococcal Antibiotic Susceptibility
Programme (GASP, WHO), being co-ordinated by AIIMS, New Delhi. The
procedure of Gonococcal identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests were
according to Standard Operating Procedure Manual from GASP. The
summary of the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of N. gonorrhoea observed in the laboratory is shown below: Aantimicrobial sensitivity pattern of N. gonorhoea
Serological
diagnosis of common STI agents carried out in the STI unit
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